Construction of electrical installation in the house

Electrical installation is one of the most important systems functioning in every home. Properly planned and made, it should not only meet all safety requirements, but also be adapted to the preferences of household members. What elements are included in the electrical network? Here are the most important ones.

Switchgear

The switchgear is a kind of “heart” electrical installation. It contains a number of components that distribute electricity, control individual devices, and protect the entire network against short-circuits or overloads. In single-family houses, switchboards are most often used, which are mounted inside the building, for example in the corridor or porch. A cable is connected to the switchgear, which connects it to the meter box. On the other hand, the switchgear is connected to the circuits. It is important that it has two main security systems:

• Current Circuit Breakers – otherwise automatic fuses. They protect circuits against the effects of short-circuit and overload currents,
• Residual Current Circuit Breakers – responding to detected irregularities in the operation of the electrical network. They protect household members against possible electric shock. The current construction law requires that there should be at least one such type of circuit breaker in the switchgear protecting the entire installation (30mA current). Increasingly, however, more RCDs are being used for safety reasons.

Circuits

Each electrical installation is divided into an appropriate number of circuits that supply electricity to groups of plug sockets, lighting points or even individual devices. Depending on the nature of the room in which they will operate, the circuits are mounted under the plaster or on the plaster itself. It happens that the installation also runs outside the wall.

The number of circuits in your home depends on its size, expected number of outlets and other fixtures. Specialists advise that no more than 10 sockets or 20 lighting points should be connected to one circuit. It should be remembered that overloading the installation can significantly affect its performance. Importantly, each circuit in the house must be separately secured. It is recommended that the circuits be installed in a straight line along the edges of the walls. This helps to reconstruct the installation process based on the location of the boxes, and also protects the network from accidental faults.

Electric equipment

No electrical installation can do without the appropriate accessories . First of all, boxes, which are used to connect and hide wires, should be mentioned here. in the electrical installation. There are three types of boxes: flush-mounted, surface-mounted and floor-mounted. The accessories also include connectors for easy assembly and connection of individual network elements. Don't forget about the sockets. Today, they are most often placed just above the floor so that they do not mar the walls of the room. The situation may be slightly different in the kitchen, where the sockets are installed in such a way that it is as easy as possible to connect various appliances to them. Importantly, all sockets must be equipped with a protective contact in the form of a pin or side contacts. A distinction is made between standard network sockets, telecommunication sockets as well as computer and specialist sockets. If later it turns out that the number of sockets in the room is not enough, various types of extensions< /a>. Among the electrical equipment, we also find light switches, the choice of which should be dictated by the style of finishing a given room.